Which ingredient acts as the main binder in ordinary cement concrete?
- Cement
- Coarse aggregate
- Fine aggregate
- Mixing water
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Answer: A. Cement
Cement reacts with water to form the binding paste. That paste holds the fine and coarse aggregates together as the concrete hardens.
The slump test is primarily used to assess which property of fresh concrete?
- Compressive strength
- Workability
- Tensile strength
- Density of hardened concrete
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Answer: B. Workability
Slump indicates the consistency of fresh concrete and is commonly used as a workability check. It does not directly measure the strength of hardened concrete.
A drawing has a scale of 1:100. What ground distance does a 2 cm line represent?
- 0.2 m
- 2 m
- 20 m
- 200 m
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Answer: B. 2 m
Multiply the drawing distance by the scale denominator: 2 × 100 = 200 cm = 2 m. Keep the units consistent before converting.
The height of instrument is 102.50 m and the staff reading is 1.25 m. What is the reduced level of the point?
- 103.75 m
- 102.50 m
- 101.25 m
- 100.00 m
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Answer: C. 101.25 m
Using the height-of-instrument method, reduced level = height of instrument − staff reading. Therefore, RL = 102.50 − 1.25 = 101.25 m.
What is the SI unit of force?
- Pascal
- Newton
- Joule
- Watt
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Answer: B. Newton
The newton (N) is the SI unit of force. One newton equals one kilogram metre per second squared. Pascal measures pressure; joule measures energy.
A 10 kN axial force acts on an area of 1,000 mm². What is the average normal stress?
- 1 N/mm²
- 10 N/mm²
- 100 N/mm²
- 1,000 N/mm²
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Answer: B. 10 N/mm²
Average normal stress = force ÷ area. Convert 10 kN to 10,000 N, then divide by 1,000 mm² to obtain 10 N/mm², which is 10 MPa.
For steady, incompressible flow through a pipe, which expression represents continuity?
- A₁V₁ = A₂V₂
- A₁ + V₁ = A₂ + V₂
- A₁/V₁ = A₂/V₂
- A₁A₂ = V₁V₂
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Answer: A. A₁V₁ = A₂V₂
Discharge Q = area × mean velocity. With no inflow or outflow between sections, steady incompressible flow has the same discharge at each section.
How is the void ratio of a soil defined?
- Volume of solids / total volume
- Volume of voids / volume of solids
- Volume of water / total volume
- Volume of voids / total volume
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Answer: B. Volume of voids / volume of solids
Void ratio e = Vv/Vs. Porosity uses total volume as the denominator instead: n = Vv/V. Confusing these two definitions is a common revision mistake.
A rectangular concrete block is 2 m long, 0.5 m wide and 0.4 m deep. What is its volume?
- 0.2 m³
- 0.4 m³
- 0.8 m³
- 4.0 m³
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Answer: B. 0.4 m³
Volume = length × width × depth = 2 × 0.5 × 0.4 = 0.4 m³. Since all dimensions are in metres, the result is in cubic metres.
Which building element carries the load immediately above a door or window opening?
- Sill
- Skirting
- Lintel
- Parapet
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Answer: C. Lintel
A lintel spans an opening and transfers the load above it to the supporting sides. A sill is located at the bottom of a window opening.
Turn a correct answer into a remembered concept
For each example, explain the answer without looking at the options. For a numerical question, reproduce the calculation using a different set of values. If you selected a wrong option, add the underlying definition or unit conversion to an error log. A correct guess is worth revising too.
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